Risk Assessment Guide¶

Обзор¶

Comprehensive руководство по оценке рисков в Saga DeFi Platform - для пользователей, разработчиков и аудиторов безопасности.

Risk Categories¶

Saga DeFi Platform классифицирует риски по 5 основным категориям:

Smart Contract Risk - технические уязвимости в контрактах
Market Risk - волатильность и ликвидность
Operational Risk - человеческий фактор, admin errors
Infrastructure Risk - blockchain node, VPS availability
Regulatory Risk - юридические изменения

Smart Contract Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM → LOW (после аудита)¶

Потенциальные уязвимости:

1. Reentrancy Attacks¶

Status: ✅ MITIGATED

// OpenZeppelin ReentrancyGuard используется во всех стейкинг контрактах
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";

contract StakingProtocol is ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable {
    function stake(uint256 amount) external nonReentrant {
        // Protected from reentrancy
    }

    function unstake(uint256 stAmount) external nonReentrant {
        // Protected from reentrancy
    }
}

Mitigation:

OpenZeppelin audited библиотеки
nonReentrant модификатор на всех state-changing функциях
Comprehensive тестирование reentrancy scenarios

2. Integer Overflow/Underflow¶

Status: ✅ MITIGATED

Mitigation:

Solidity 0.8+ встроенная защита от overflow/underflow
Все математические операции автоматически проверяются
SafeMath не требуется (deprecated в Solidity 0.8+)

// Automatic overflow/underflow protection
uint256 result = a + b; // Reverts on overflow
uint256 result = a - b; // Reverts on underflow

3. Access Control Vulnerabilities¶

Status: ✅ MITIGATED

// Ownable pattern для критических функций
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

contract StakingProtocol is OwnableUpgradeable {
    // Only owner can upgrade contract
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation)
        internal
        override
        onlyOwner
    {
        // Upgrade logic
    }

    // Only owner can change APY
    function setAPY(uint256 newAPY) external onlyOwner {
        apy = newAPY;
    }
}

Mitigation:

OpenZeppelin Ownable для owner-only функций
UUPS upgradeable pattern с _authorizeUpgrade() protection
Multi-signature wallet для owner (planned)

4. Upgradeable Contract Risks¶

Status: ⚠️ MEDIUM (требует мониторинга)

Risks:

Storage layout conflicts при upgrade
Malicious upgrade scenarios
Initialization vulnerabilities

Mitigation:

// Storage gaps для будущих переменных
uint256[47] private __gap;

// Disable initializers в constructor
constructor() {
    _disableInitializers();
}

// Owner-only upgrade authorization
function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}

Best Practices:

Comprehensive тестирование перед каждым upgrade
Time-locked upgrades (planned feature)
Community notification перед upgrades
Rollback capabilities через backup

Smart Contract Audit Checklist¶

✅ Completed:

OpenZeppelin standard контракты
ReentrancyGuard implementation
Ownable access control
UUPS upgradeable pattern
Storage gap protection
Initialization safety

🔄 In Progress:

Third-party security audit (planned)
Formal verification (planned)
Bug bounty program setup

📅 Planned:

Multi-signature wallet для owner
Time-locked upgrades
On-chain governance (DAO)

Market Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM¶

Волатильность USDC:

USDC является stablecoin привязанным к USD, но имеет риски:

Depeg Risk - отклонение от $1.00 parity
Historical range: $0.995 - $1.005
Maximum observed depeg: ~1%
Recovery time: обычно <24 hours
Liquidity Risk - недостаточность ликвидности
USDC backed by cash equivalents
Circle reserve attestations monthly
Transparency в backing assets
Exchange Rate Risk - stToken → USDC conversion
stToken exchange rate растет с interest accrual
Slippage минимален благодаря continuous compounding
Real-time exchange rate queries через blockchain

Mitigation Strategies:

// Backend мониторинг USDC price
func (s *MarketRiskService) MonitorUSDCPrice(ctx context.Context) error {
    // Query USDC price from multiple sources
    prices := []decimal.Decimal{
        s.priceOracle.GetUSDCPrice("Chainlink"),
        s.priceOracle.GetUSDCPrice("Uniswap"),
        s.priceOracle.GetUSDCPrice("Curve"),
    }

    // Calculate median price
    medianPrice := calculateMedian(prices)

    // Alert if significant depeg (>1%)
    if medianPrice.Sub(decimal.NewFromInt(1)).Abs().GreaterThan(decimal.NewFromFloat(0.01)) {
        s.alertService.SendAlert("USDC depeg detected", medianPrice.String())
    }

    return nil
}

APY Risk Assessment¶

Sustainability Risk:

Стратегия	APY	Sustainability	Risk Level
Conservative	5%	High (>3 years)	LOW
Balanced	10%	Medium (1-2 years)	MEDIUM
Aggressive	20%	Low (<1 year)	HIGH

Factors Affecting Sustainability:

Protocol treasury reserves
User adoption rate
Competition от других DeFi платформ
Regulatory changes

Operational Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM → LOW¶

Human Error Scenarios:

1. Admin Withdrawal Approval Errors¶

Risk: Ошибочное одобрение fraudulent withdrawals

Mitigation:

// Multi-level approval system (planned)
type WithdrawalApproval struct {
    WithdrawalID string
    ApprovedBy   []string // Multiple admins required
    Threshold    int      // Minimum approvals needed
}

// Current: Single admin approval
// Planned: 2-of-3 multi-signature для крупных сумм (>$1,000)

Current Controls:

Admin audit log (все действия записываются)
Email notifications для каждого approval
Daily withdrawal limit (configured in UnifiedConfig)

2. Configuration Errors¶

Risk: Некорректные APY rates, contract addresses

Mitigation:

# config/limits.yaml - Single source of truth
limits:
  investment_strategies:
    - id: 1
      apy: 5.0  # Validate: 0 < apy < 100
      contract_address: "0x..."  # Validate: checksum address

# Validation в UnifiedConfig loading
func (cfg *UnifiedConfig) Validate() error {
    for _, strategy := range cfg.InvestmentStrategies {
        if strategy.APY <= 0 || strategy.APY > 100 {
            return errors.New("invalid APY")
        }
        if !common.IsHexAddress(strategy.ContractAddress) {
            return errors.New("invalid contract address")
        }
    }
    return nil
}

Best Practices:

Configuration changes require git commit
Peer review для production config changes
Automated validation tests
Rollback capabilities

3. Deployment Errors¶

Risk: Broken deployment, system downtime

Mitigation:

Blue-Green deployment (zero downtime)
Automated health checks
Automatic rollback на предыдущую версию
Comprehensive smoke tests перед switch

# Deployment validation
make deploy           # Blue-Green deployment
make deploy-status    # Health check
make deploy-rollback  # Automatic rollback if issues

Infrastructure Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM¶

VPS Blockchain Node Risks:

1. Node Downtime¶

Risk: Blockchain node 188.42.218.164:8545 недоступен

Impact:

Users cannot stake/unstake
Balance queries fail
Withdrawals cannot execute

Mitigation:

// Retry logic для blockchain connections
func (s *BlockchainService) ConnectWithRetry(ctx context.Context) (*ethclient.Client, error) {
    maxRetries := 5
    backoff := 1 * time.Second

    for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
        client, err := ethclient.Dial(s.config.GetBlockchainRPCURL())
        if err == nil {
            return client, nil
        }

        logger.WarnStructured("Blockchain connection failed, retrying",
            "attempt", i+1,
            "max_retries", maxRetries,
            "error", err.Error(),
        )

        time.Sleep(backoff)
        backoff *= 2 // Exponential backoff
    }

    return nil, errors.New("blockchain connection failed after retries")
}

Monitoring:

Health check endpoint /health проверяет blockchain connectivity
Automated alerts при blockchain downtime
VPS uptime monitoring (99.9% target)

2. VPS Server Issues¶

Risk: VPS сервер недоступен

Mitigation:

Regular backups (daily)
Disaster recovery procedures
Alternative RPC endpoints (planned)
Multi-region deployment (future)

Regulatory Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: LOW → MEDIUM (jurisdiction-dependent)¶

Regulatory Concerns:

Securities Classification
stTokens могут классифицироваться как securities
Зависит от юрисдикции
Legal opinion required перед mainnet
KYC/AML Requirements
Currently: Web3 wallet authentication (pseudonymous)
Future: KYC для fiat on/off ramps
Compliance с local regulations
Tax Reporting
Interest accrual is taxable income
Users responsible для tax reporting
Platform may provide transaction export

Mitigation:

Legal consultation before mainnet launch
Terms of Service disclosure
Geographic restrictions (if needed)
Compliance monitoring

Risk Scoring Framework¶

Overall Platform Risk Score¶

Calculation Methodology:

Total Risk Score = (
    Smart Contract Risk * 0.30 +
    Market Risk * 0.25 +
    Operational Risk * 0.20 +
    Infrastructure Risk * 0.15 +
    Regulatory Risk * 0.10
)

Risk Levels:
- 0-3: LOW
- 3-5: MEDIUM
- 5-7: HIGH
- 7-10: CRITICAL

Current Scores:

Risk Category	Score (0-10)	Weight	Weighted Score
Smart Contract	3 (LOW)	0.30	0.90
Market	5 (MEDIUM)	0.25	1.25
Operational	4 (MEDIUM)	0.20	0.80
Infrastructure	5 (MEDIUM)	0.15	0.75
Regulatory	4 (MEDIUM)	0.10	0.40
TOTAL			4.10 (MEDIUM)

Interpretation: Platform имеет MEDIUM overall risk level - приемлемо для testnet, требует улучшений перед mainnet.

Risk Mitigation Roadmap¶

Phase 1: Current (Testnet)¶

✅ OpenZeppelin secure контракты ✅ ReentrancyGuard protection ✅ Admin audit logging ✅ Blue-Green deployment ✅ Health monitoring

Phase 2: Pre-Mainnet¶

🔄 Third-party security audit 🔄 Bug bounty program 🔄 Multi-signature wallet 🔄 Time-locked upgrades 🔄 Insurance coverage (planned)

Phase 3: Mainnet¶

📅 Formal verification 📅 On-chain governance (DAO) 📅 Decentralized oracle integration 📅 Multi-region infrastructure 📅 Regulatory compliance framework

📞 Security Contacts¶

Security Issues:

Email: security@saga.surf
Bug Bounty: (coming soon)
Emergency: Telegram @AiSeeQ

Responsible Disclosure:

24-hour response time target
90-day disclosure timeline
Rewards для critical vulnerabilities

📋 Метаданные¶

Версия: 2.4.82

Обновлено: 2025-10-21

Статус: Published

Risk Assessment Guide¶

Обзор¶

Risk Categories¶

Smart Contract Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM → LOW (после аудита)¶

1. Reentrancy Attacks¶

2. Integer Overflow/Underflow¶

3. Access Control Vulnerabilities¶

4. Upgradeable Contract Risks¶

Smart Contract Audit Checklist¶

Market Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM¶

APY Risk Assessment¶

Operational Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM → LOW¶

1. Admin Withdrawal Approval Errors¶

2. Configuration Errors¶

3. Deployment Errors¶

Infrastructure Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: MEDIUM¶

1. Node Downtime¶

2. VPS Server Issues¶

Regulatory Risk Assessment¶

Risk Level: LOW → MEDIUM (jurisdiction-dependent)¶

Risk Scoring Framework¶

Overall Platform Risk Score¶

Risk Mitigation Roadmap¶

Phase 1: Current (Testnet)¶

Phase 2: Pre-Mainnet¶

Phase 3: Mainnet¶

Related Documentation¶

📞 Security Contacts¶

📋 Метаданные¶